贾宝玉：贾宝玉出身富贵。因为祖母疼爱，原系和姐妹们一处娇养惯了。这也正是他为什么喜欢在内帏厮混，不爱读书的原因之一。他虽淘气异常，但聪明乖觉，百个不及他一个。说起孩子话来也奇，他说：“女儿是水做的骨肉，男子是泥做的骨肉，我见了女儿便清爽，见了男子便觉浊臭逼人！”“因他自幼姐妹丛中长大……他便料定天地间灵淑之气，只钟于女子，男儿们不过是些渣滓浊沫而已。”其后有人写了《西江月》一词，批得极确，词曰：

无故寻愁觅恨，有时似傻如狂；纵然生得好皮囊，腹内原来草莽。

潦倒不通庶务，愚顽怕读文章；行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤！

jiabaoyu：jiabaoyuwasbornwihasilverspooninhismouhbecausehisgrandmoher’salwaysdoedonhim，he’susedobeingspoilwihhegirlsha’soneofhereasonswhyishedelighedinpyingabouinhewomen’saparmensandakingnoineresinbookshoughheisremarkablymischievous，yesocleveryouwon’findhisequalinahundredandhesayshesrangeshingsforachild“girlsaremadeofwaer，menofmud，”hedecres“ifeelcleanandrefreshedwheni’mwihgirlsbufindmendiryandsinking”“asaresulofbeingbroughupamonggirlshehadcomeoheconclusionhawhilehumanbeingswerehehighesformofcreaion，hefinesessencesofnaurewereembodiedingirls，menbeingnohingbuhedregsandscum”subsequenly，someonegaveanadmirablepicureofbaoyuinheversewrienohemelodyhemoonoverhewesriver：

absurdlyhecourscareandmencholyandraveslikeanymadmaninhisfolly；forhoughendowedwihhandsomelooksishe，hishearwlessandrefracory

oodensebyfaroundersandhisduy，oosubbornoapplyhimselfosudy，foolhardyinhiseccenriciy，he’sdeafoallreproachandobloquy

贾宝玉生长在贵族家庭的姐妹和女仆之中。他发现贵族生活虚伪、可恶、腐败，一点儿都不喜欢。他厌恶所有追求金钱地位的男人，尔虞我诈，忘恩负义。他同情并尊重女性。他对女仆就如姐妹一般平等对待。他认为纯洁的美只有在天真无邪的年轻姑娘，包括出身低微的女仆中才能找到。因此，他极力避免参加与他同地位的其他人的娱乐和社交活动，他个人宁愿与他家大观园内天真正直的女孩子们混在一起。他的长辈因他持有非正统见解的倾向而鞭责他，他却全然不动。相反，在封建压迫的不断冲击下，他的叛逆性格变得更加强烈而坚定，在他爱上了林黛玉而他家长们却给他娶了薛宝钗时，他的叛逆达到了顶峰。

jiabaoyuisbredupamonghissisersandmaidsinanarisocraicfamilyhehasnoinclinaionforhearisocraicwayoflife，whichhefindshypocriical，haefulandcorruphedeesshepursuiofrankandwealhindulgedinbyohergenlemenwhoareryingocheaorouwioneanoher，cuingdownhereehagiveshemshadehehassympahyforandrespecwomenheequallyreasallhemaidslikehissisers

ohim，purebeauyisobefoundini

ocenyounggirls，includinglowbornservangirlsherefore，hedoeshisbesoavoidakingparinhepasimesandaciviiesofohersofhissaionhepersonallyprefersominglewihhei

ocenandguilelessyounggirlsofhehouseholdinhegrandviewgardenheisquieunmovedwhenhiselderscasigaehimforhishereicalinclinaionsonheconraryhisrebelliousnaurebecomesmoreardenfirmunderheimpacofconsanfeudaloppression，culminainginhisfallinginlovewihlindaiyuandhiseldersmarryinghimoffoxuebaichai

贾宝玉性格异常，其淘气憨顽出于众小孩之外，更有几件千奇百怪口不能言的毛病：

他总爱“弄花儿，弄粉儿，偷着吃人嘴上擦的胭脂，有个爱红的毛病儿”。他非常喜爱女孩子。他是“千古情人独我痴”，“登时发起痴狂来”，“望先以情欲声色等事警其痴顽，或能使他跳出迷人圈子，入于正路”。总而言之，他“痴”，他为情“痴”，为爱“痴”。但他绝不是一个好色之徒，只是生性多情而已。他的情爱经历了一个从盲目，到热烈，到真诚，到情悟，到情绝几个阶段的渐进过程。那就是为什么他最终离开了他那年轻美丽、温柔贤惠的妻子宝钗的原因。他“男浊女清”的观念违反了封建社会传统的“男尊女卑”的观念。这也是为什么他被认为是那个时代的叛逆者的原因之一。

jiabaoyuisnoordinaryyouhbumorehighspiriedandwilfulhanoherboys，wihsomeindescribablyperversesreaksinhischaracer：heisalwaysfondof“pyingabouwihgirls’cosmeicsandpowderheofenlikesokissherougeongirls’lipshehabiuallyrunsafereveryhinginred”hecaresforgirlsoomuchheis“hemospassionaeloverofallime”“hisinsanlyhrewbaoyuinooneofhisfrenzies”“webegyouowarnhimofhedangersoflusingaferwomen，sohahemayescapefromheirsnaresandsehisfeeonherighpah”inaword，he’scrazy—crazyaboupassionandcrazywihlovebuheisdefinielynoalewdmanandheisonlybornwihapassionaenaurehislovehasundergoneagradualprocessfromblindsageopassionae，osincere，oundersanding，odesperaesagesha’swhyhehasfinallylefhisyoungandbeauiful，genleandviruouswifebaochaihisideaha“menaredirywhilewomenareclean”runscouneroheradiionalfeudalideahamenaresuperiorowomenhisisoneofhereasonswhyheisconsideredasarebelofhisimes

宝玉素日本就懒与士大夫诸男人接谈，更不用说向他们学些仕途经济，以便将来应酬事务。他也最厌峨冠礼服贺吊往还等事情。每日一清早到祖母和母亲处请安后便回园中游玩，甘心为诸姐妹和丫头们充役服务。他怕读“四书五经”之类的正经书，但总爱读各种杂书，以便杂学旁收。他把一堆古今，并那飞燕、合德、则天、玉环的“外传”，与那传奇剧本放在床顶上，无人时便偷看。对《西厢记》《牡丹亭》等，他赞不绝口，说：“真是好文章！你要看，连饭也不想吃！”。他鄙视读书以求上进的人，给人家起个外号“禄蠹”，对参加科举考试以求功名利禄的人称为“国贼禄鬼”“沽名钓誉”，把那些正统书说成是前人无故生事，立意造言，原为引导后世的须眉浊物。关于科举考试的八股文，宝玉说：“更有时文八股一道，因平素深恶，说这原非圣贤之制撰，焉能阐发圣贤之奥，不过是后人饵名钓禄之阶。”他的上述言辞当时是违背忠孝之道的，而忠孝之道则是封建道德的核心，也是封建社会的立国根本。他父母时常要他用功读书，特别是他父亲对他非常严格，一再说：“就是做得几句诗词，也并不怎么样，有什么稀罕处？比如应试选举，到底以文章为主。你这上头倒没有一点儿功夫。我可嘱咐你：自今日起，再不许做诗做对的了，单要习学八股文章。

限你一年，若毫无长进，你也不用念书了，我也不愿有你这样的儿子了。”并对宝玉的老师说：“我今日自己送他来，因要求托一番。这孩子年纪也不小了，到底要学个成人的举业，才是终身立身成名之事。”宝玉的老师也说：“为什么不念书，只是心野贪玩？诗词一道，不是学不得的，只要发达了以后，再学还不迟呢。”但宝玉却说：“我最厌这些道学话。更可笑的，是八股文章，拿他诓功名，混饭吃，也罢了，还要说‘代圣贤立言’！”宝玉有负父母师长养育教诲之恩。因此，他被认为是不肖的孽障，是不孝之子。他不爱四书、八股文和科举考试，那就意味着他不愿接受爵位来为国为皇上效劳。因而，他是个不忠之徒。不忠不孝使得宝玉成了封建社会的一个叛逆者。

baoyuhasaninveeraedislikeofeneraininglieraiandofficialsormeningeneral，lealonelearnfromhemsomehingabouheworldandadminisraion，whichmayhelphimomanagehisownaffairsinfuurehealsohaespuingonceremonialdressopaycalls，reurnvisisoroffercongrauionsorcondolenceseverydayaferpayinghisrespecsearlyinhemorningohisgrandmoherandmoherhespendsheresofhedayamusinghimselfinhegarden，ofengdoidleawayhisimebyofferinghisservicesohegirlsandmaidshehaesseriousbooks，suchashefourbooksandhefivecssicsbugivesallhisimeoallkindsofunorhodoxbookssoasoacquiremiscelneousknowledgeheevenkeepsapileofnovelsoldandnew，alesabouimperialconcubinesandempresses，aswellasromaniclibreosonhecanopyoverhisbedoreadwhenheisalonehekeepsonsingingpraisesofhewesernchamber，hepeonypavilion，ec“hey’rerealmaserpieces！”heofensays，“youwon’beableogiveahoughoeaingonceyousarreadinghem”hesneersahosewhosudyhardsoasogeonandgiveshemanickname“careergrubbers”healsocallshosewhoakeparinheimperialexaminaionssoasoseekofficialposiionsandriches“imeserversandpceseekers”，“fishingforfameandrepuaion”hesayshaheorhodoxbooksareallhefaulofheancienswhohadnohingbeerodohancoinmaximsandcodesoconrolsupid，uncouhmenabouheeighsecionessaysinheimperialexaminaions，baoyusaidhaherewerehefashionableeighsecionessayswhichhehadalwaysloahed，akingheviewhaashesewerenowrienbysagesorworhiesheycouldnoexpoundhewisdomofsagesorworhiesandweresimplyddersbywhicherexaminaioncandidaesclimbedupobureaucraicadvancemen

hiswordsmenionedabovewerehenconraryoheeachingsofloyalyandfilialpiey，whichwerehecoreoffeudalmoralsandalsohefoundaionofhesaeinhefeudalsocieyhisparensofenurgehimosudyhardespecially，hisfaherisverysricwihhimandsaysrepeaedlyha“youmaywrieafewlinesofpoerybui’snoupomuch，nohingoboasabouaferall，whenyoucomeoakeheexaminaions，i’sessaywriinghacouns；buyou’veneglecedhahere’swhayou’reodofromnowonsopversifyingandwriingcouples，andconcenraeonsudyingeighsecionessaysigiveyouoneyearifyou’vemadenoprogressbyheendofhaimeyoucansopsudying，andishalldisownyou！”andhesaidobaoyu’suor：“ihavebroughmysonheremyselfodaybecauseihavearequesomakehe’snolongerachildandi’simeforhimosudyforhiscareer，soasoesablishhimselfandwinanameinfuure”“whyshouldhejuspyabouinseadofsudying？”baoyu’suoranswered“poeryisallverywell，buhe’llhaveplenyofimeoakehaupaferpassingheofficialexaminaions”bubaoyusays“ican’sandsuchmoralalkandhoseeighsecionessaysaresillmoreridiculoususinghemowangleadegreeandmakealiving—ha’snosobad；buhowcanyoucimhey‘voiceheviewsofhesages？’”baoyuhasfallenshorofheexpecaionsofhisparensandheuor，whobroughhimupha’swhyheisregardedasadegeneraeandanunfilialsonhehasadislikeforhefourbooks，heeighsecionessaysandheimperialexaminaionhismeanshahewillneveraccepanoblerankoservehesaeandheemperor

consequenly，heisakenasadisloyalisdisloyalyandunfilialpieymakebaoyuarebelinhefeudalsociey

关于人之生死，他说：“可恨我为什么生在这侯门公府之家？我虽然高贵，但绫锦纱罗，也不过裹了我这枯株朽木，羊羔美酒，也不过填了我这粪窟泥沟：‘富贵’二字，真真把人荼毒了！”“人谁不死？只要死的好。那些个须眉浊物只知道‘文死谏’、‘武死战’这二死是大丈夫死名死节。竟何如不死的好！必定有昏君他方谏，他只顾邀名，猛拼一死，将来置君于何地？必定有刀兵他方战，猛拼一死，他只顾图汗马之名，将来弃国于何地？”“可知那些死的，都是沽名钓誉，并不知大义。”

abouman’sbirhanddeah，hedecres：“whydidihaveobeborninohisnoblefamily？alhoughmysausishigher，i’mjusasumpofroenwoodswahedinsilksandsains，jusacesspoolorguerfilledwihchoicewinesandmeasrichesandrankareanahemaome”“allmenmusdiehehingisodieforgoodreasonshosevulgarsodsbelievehaminiserswhodieforremonsraingwihheemperorandgeneralswhodieinbalewinimmoralfameasfine，uprighmen—buwouldn’ibebeerifheydidn’die？aferall，herehasobeadespoonhehronebeforeminiserscanremonsrae；buheycourdeahinheireagernessomakeaname，wihacompleedisregardforheirsovereigninhesameway，herehasobeawarbeforegeneralscandieinbale；soheyfighrecklesslyandryowinfamebydying，wihnohoughofhecounry’swelfareha’swhyisayhesearen’worhydeahs”“heydieowinarepuaion，anddon’knownobleprinciples”

封建时代的婚姻不是建立在爱情的基础上，而是基于家族利益的各种考虑。贾家尽管经历了几代显耀，但已衰落，不仅经济上收入不够挥霍的生活方式支出，而且他们在道德上和精神上都衰败了。“谁知这样钟鸣鼎食的人家儿，如今养的儿孙，竟一代不如一代了！”在整个家族子孙中，只有贾宝玉有望振兴贾家的未来。当贾家的命运变得更糟糕时，其家长就变得日愈急于纠正宝玉的任性，以便他能恢复贾家兴旺的情景，一再暗示宝玉与宝钗才是完美的婚配并加紧限制宝玉的自由。封建压迫的镣铐加紧了宝黛之恋的束缚，尽管他们之间的爱情是世上最纯洁、最崇高、最真诚的。正如宝玉所说：“我只恨我天天圈在家里，一点儿做不得主，行动就有人知道，不是这个拦，就是那个劝的，能说不能行。虽然有钱，又不由我使。”宝玉一直追求自由、平等和爱情。结果，在经历了身边各种封建矛盾的痛苦碰撞后，他发现他不能忘记他所爱的人来和宝钗生活在一起，终于离开了家庭，遁入了空门。正是：

“看破的，遁入空门；痴迷的，枉送了性命。”

“都道是金玉良缘，俺只念木石前盟。

叹人间，美中不足今方信；纵然是齐眉举案，到底意难平。”

marriageinfeudalimeswasnobasedonlove，buonconsideraionsoffamilyadvanagehejias，alhoughheyhavebeenadisinguishedcnforgeneraions，areindecline，noonlyeconomically—heincomefromheiresaesisnolongersufficienosupporheirvishlifesyle—bumoreimporanly，heyareindeclinemorallyandspiriually“whowould’vehoughhaeachnewgeneraionofhisnobleandschorlycnisinferiorohes”nowhereinhewholecnismereascionwhogiveshemsomuchhopeforheirfuureprosperiyasjiabaoyuasheforunesofhejiafamilyworsen，heheadofhehouseholdgrowsdailymoreanxiousocorrecbaoyu’swaywardnesssohaheboycanresorehesiuaion，hiningimeandagainhabaoyuandbaochaiwouldmakeaperfecmachandigheningheresricionsonbaoyu’sfreedomhebondsoffeudaloppressionighenaroundbaoyuanddaiyualhoughheirmuualloveishepures，henobles，hesinceresinheworldjusasbaoyusaid：“myroubleishai’mcoopedupahomeallheimeandamnomyownmasereverymoveimakeisknown，andhere’salwayssomeoryingosopmeordissuademe，sowhaeverisay，ican’doahinghoughi’vemoney，ican’spendiasiwan”baoyuhasbeenseekingfreedom，equaliyandlove，buaferhehasundergohepainfulcshoffeudalconradicionsinhissurroundings，hehasonlyfoundhahecannoforgehissweehearolivewihbaochai，andfinallyhehaslefhefamilyhome—hasbecomeabuddhismonkruly：

“hosewhoseehroughheworldescapefromheworld，whilefoolishloversforfeiheirlivesfornohing”

“wellmached，allsay，hegoldandhejade；ialonerecallhepledgebeweenpnandsone

isigh，learninghanoman’shappinessiscomplee：

evenapairhoughwellmachedmayfinddisappoinmen”