。

孙子曰：用兵之法，有散地，有轻地，有争地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有泛地，有围地，有

死地。

sunzusaid:hearofwarrecognizesninevarieiesofground:(1)dispersiveground;(2)facileground;(3)coneniousground;(4)openground;(5)groundofinersecinghighways;(6)seriousground;(7)difficulground;(8)hemmedinground;(9)desperaeground

诸侯自战其地者，为散地；

whenachiefainisfighinginhisownerriory,iisdispersiveground

入人之地不深者，为轻地；

whenhehasperaedinohosileerriory,buonogreadisance,iisfacileground

我得亦利，彼得亦利者，为争地；

groundhepossessionofwhichimporsgreaadvanageoeiherside,isconeniousground

我可以往，彼可以来者，为交地；

groundonwhicheachsidehasliberyofmovemenisopenground

诸侯之地三属，先至而得天下众者，为衢地；

groundwhichformshekeyohreeconiguoussaes,sohahewhooccupiesifirshasmosofheempireahiscommand,isagroundofinersecinghighways

入人之地深，背城邑多者，为重地；

whenanarmyhasperaedinohehearofahosilecounry,leavinganumberofforifiedciiesinisrear,iisseriousground

山林、险阻、沮泽，凡难行之道者，为泛地；

mounainforess,ruggedseeps,marshesandfensallcounryhaishardoraverse:hisisdifficulground

所由入者隘，所从归者迂，彼寡可以击吾之众者，为围地；

groundwhichisreachedhroughnarrowgorges,andfromwhichwecanonlyreirebyoruouspahs,sohaasmallnumberofheenemywouldsufficeocrushargebodyofourmen:hisishemmedinground

疾战则存，不疾战则亡者，为死地。

groundonwhichwecanonlybesavedfromdesrucionbyfighingwihoudey,isdesperaeground

是故散地则无战，轻地则无止，争地则无攻，

ondispersiveground,herefore,fighnoonfacileground,halnoonconeniousground,aackno

交地则无绝，衢地则合交，

onopenground,donoryoblockheenemy"swayonhegroundofinersecinghighways,joinhandswihyourallies

重地则掠，泛地则行，

onseriousground,gaherinplunderindifficulground,keepseadilyonhemarch

围地则谋，死地则战。

onhemmedinground,resorosraagemondesperaeground,figh

古之善用兵者，能使敌人前后不相及，众寡不相恃，贵贱不相救，上下不相收，

hosewhowerecalledskillfulleadersofoldknewhowodriveawedgebeweenheenemy"sfronandrear;oprevencooperaionbeweenhisrgeandsmalldivisions;ohinderhegoodroopsfromrescuinghebad,heofficersfromrallyingheirmen

卒离而不集，兵合而不齐。

whenheenemy"smenwereunied,heymanagedokeephemindisorder

合于利而动，不合于利而止。

wheniwasoheiradvanage,heymadeaforwardmove;whenoherwise,heysoppedsill

敢问敌众而整将来，待之若何曰：先夺其所爱则听矣。

ifaskedhowocopewihagreahosofheenemyinorderlyarrayandonhepoinofmarchingoheaack,ishouldsay:”beginbyseizingsomehingwhichyouropponenholdsdear;henhewillbeamenableoyourwill”

兵之情主速，乘人之不及。由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。

rapidiyisheessenceofwar:akeadvanageofheenemy"sunreadiness,makeyourwaybyunexpecedroues,andaackunguardedspos

凡为客之道，深入则专。主人不克，

hefollowingareheprinciplesobeobservedbyaninvadingforce:hefurheryouperaeinoacounry,hegreaerwillbehesolidariyofyourroops,andhushedefenderswillnoprevailagainsyou

掠于饶野，三军足食。

makeforaysinferilecounryinorderosupplyyourarmywihfood

谨养而勿劳，并气积力，运兵计谋，为不可测。

carefullysudyhewellbeingofyourmen,anddonooveraxhemconcenraeyourenergyandhoardyoursrenghkeepyourarmyconinuallyonhemove,anddeviseunfahomablepns

投之无所往，死且不北。死焉不得，士人尽力。

hrowyoursoldiersinoposiionswhencehereisnoescape,andheywillpreferdeahoflighifheywillfacedeah,hereisnohingheymaynoachieveofficersandmenalikewillpuforhheiruermossrengh

兵士甚陷则不惧，无所往则固，深入则拘，不得已则斗。

soldierswhenindesperaesraislosehesenseoffearifhereisnopceofrefuge,heywillsandfirmifheyareinhosilecounry,heywillshowasubbornfronifhereisnohelpfori,heywillfighhard

是故其兵不修而戒，不求而得，不约而亲，不令而信，

hus,wihouwaiingobemarshaled,hesoldierswillbeconsanlyonhequivive;wihouwaiingobeasked,heywilldoyourwill;wihouresricions,heywillbefaihful;wihougivingorders,heycanberused

禁祥去疑，至死无所之。

prohibiheakingofomens,anddoawaywihsupersiiousdoubshen,unildeahiselfcomes,nocamiyneedbefeared

吾士无余财，非恶货也；无余命，非恶寿也。

ifoursoldiersarenooverburdenedwihmoney,iisnobecauseheyhaveadisaseforriches;ifheirlivesarenoundulylong,iisnobecauseheyaredisinclinedolongeviy

令发之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃卧者涕交颐，投之无所往，诸、刿之勇也。