孙子曰：凡处军相敌，绝山依谷，

sunzusaid:wecomenowohequesionofencampinghearmy,andobservingsignsofheenemypassquicklyovermounains,andkeepinheneighborhoodofvalleys

视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。

campinhighpces,facinghesundonoclimbheighsinorderofighsomuchformounainwarfare

绝水必远水，

afercrossingariver,youshouldgefarawayfromi

客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半渡而击之利，

whenaninvadingforcecrossesariverinisonwardmarch,donoadvanceomeeiinmidsreamiwillbebesolehalfhearmygeacross,andhendeliveryouraack

欲战者，无附于水而迎客，

ifyouareanxiousofigh,youshouldnogoomeeheinvadernearariverwhichhehasocross

视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。

mooryourcrafhigheruphanheenemy,andfacinghesundonomoveupsreamomeeheenemysomuchforriverwarfare

绝斥泽，唯亟去无留，

incrossingsalmarshes,yoursoleconcernshouldbeogeoverhemquickly,wihouanydey

若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。

ifforcedofighinasalmarsh,youshouldhavewaerandgrassnearyou,andgeyourbackoaclumpofreessomuchforoperaionsinsalmarches

平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。

indry,levelcounry,akeupaneasilyaccessibleposiionwihrisinggroundoyourrighandonyourrear,sohahedangermaybeinfron,andsafeyliebehindsomuchforcampaigninginfcounry

凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。

hesearehefourusefulbranchesofmiliaryknowledgewhichenabledheyellowemperorovanquishfourseveralsovereigns

凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，

allarmiespreferhighgroundolowandsu

ypcesodark

养生而处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜。

ifyouarecarefulofyourmen,andcamponhardground,hearmywillbefreefromdiseaseofeverykind,andhiswillspellvicory

丘陵堤防，必处其阳而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。

whenyoucomeoahillorabank,occupyhesu

yside,wihheslopeonyourrighrearhusyouwillaonceacforhebenefiofyoursoldiersanduilizehenauraladvanagesofheground

上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。

when,inconsequenceofheavyrainsupcounry,ariverwhichyouwishofordisswollenandfleckedwihfoam,youmuswaiunilisubsides

凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。

counryinwhichhereareprecipiouscliffswihorrensru

ingbeween,deepnauralhollows,confinedpces,angledhickes,quagmiresandcrevasses,shouldbelefwihallpossiblespeedandnoapproached

吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。

whilewekeepawayfromsuchpces,weshouldgeheenemyoapproachhem;whilewefacehem,weshouldleheenemyhavehemonhisrear

军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□1荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所处也。

ifinheneighborhoodofyourcamphereshouldbeanyhillycounry,pondssurroundedbyaquaicgrass,hollowbasinsfilledwihreeds,orwoodswihhickundergrowh,heymusbecarefullyrouedouandsearched;forhesearepceswheremeninambushorinsidiousspiesarelikelyobelurking

敌近而静者，恃其险也；

whenheenemyiscloseahandandremainsquie,heisrelyingonhenauralsrenghofhisposiion

远而挑战者，欲人之进也；

whenhekeepsaloofandriesoprovokeabale,heisanxiousforheohersideoadvance

其所居易者，利也；

ifhispceofencampmeniseasyofaccess,heisenderingabai

众树动者，来也；众草多障者，疑也；

movemenamongshereesofaforesshowshaheenemyisadvancingheappearanceofanumberofscreensinhemidsofhickgrassmeanshaheenemywansomakeussuspicious

鸟起者，伏也；兽骇者，覆也；

herisingofbirdsinheirflighishesignofanambuscadesarledbeassindicaehaasuddenaackiscoming

尘高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条达者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也；

whenhereisdusrisinginahighcolumn,iishesignofchariosadvancing;whenhedusislow,buspreadoverawidearea,ibeokensheapproachofinfanrywhenibranchesouindifferendirecions,ishowshaparieshavebeensenocollecfirewoodafewcloudsofdusmovingoandfrosignifyhahearmyisencamping

辞卑而备者，进也；辞强而进驱者，退也；

humblewordsandincreasedpreparaionsaresignshaheenemyisabouoadvanceviolennguageanddrivingforwardasifoheaackaresignshahewillrerea

轻车先出居其侧者，陈也；

whenhelighcharioscomeoufirsandakeupaposiiononhewings,iisasignhaheenemyisformingforbale

无约而请和者，谋也；

peaceproposalsunaccompaniedbyasworncovenanindicaeaplo

奔走而陈兵者，期也；

whenhereismuchru

ingabouandhesoldiersfallinorank,imeanshahecriicalmomenhascome

半进半退者，诱也；

whensomeareseenadvancingandsomerereaing,iisalure

杖而立者，饥也；

whenhesoldierssandleaningonheirspears,heyarefainfromwanoffood

汲而先饮者，渴也；

ifhosewhoaresenodrawwaerbeginbydrinkinghemselves,hearmyissufferingfromhirs

见利而不进者，劳也；

ifheenemyseesanadvanageobegainedandmakesnoefforosecurei,hesoldiersareexhaused

鸟集者，虚也；夜呼者，恐也；

ifbirdsgaheronanyspo,iisunoccupiedcmorbynighbeokensnervousness

军扰者，将不重也；旌旗动者，乱也；吏怒者，倦也；

ifhereisdisurbanceinhecamp,hegeneral"sauhoriyisweakifheba

ersandfgsareshifedabou,sediionisafooifheofficersareangry,imeanshahemenareweary

杀马肉食者，军无粮也；悬□2不返其舍者，穷寇也；

whenanarmyfeedsishorseswihgrainandkillsiscaleforfood,andwhenhemendonohangheircookingposoverhecampfires,showinghaheywillnoreurnoheirens,youmayknowhaheyaredeerminedofighohedeah

谆谆□3□3，徐与人言者，失众也；

hesighofmenwhisperingogeherinsmallknosorspeakinginsubduedonespoinsodisaffecionamongsherankandfile

数赏者，窘也；数罚者，困也；

oofrequenrewardssignifyhaheenemyisaheendofhisresources;oomanypunishmensberayacondiionofdiredisress

先暴而后畏其众者，不精之至也；

obeginbybluser,buaferwardsoakefrighaheenemy"snumbers,showsasupremeckofinelligence

来委谢者，欲休息也。

whenenvoysaresenwihcomplimensinheirmouhs,iisasignhaheenemywishesforaruce

兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。

ifheenemy"sroopsmarchupangrilyandremainfacingoursforalongimewihoueiherjoiningbaleorakinghemselvesoffagain,hesiuaionisohademandsgreaviginceandcircumspecion

兵非贵益多也，惟无武进，足以并力料敌取人而已。

ifourroopsarenomoreinnumberhanheenemy,haisamplysufficien;ionlymeanshanodirecaackcanbemadewhawecandoissimplyoconcenraeallouravaiblesrengh,keepaclosewachonheenemy,andobainreinforcemens

夫惟无虑而易敌者，必擒于人。

hewhoexercisesnoforehoughbumakeslighofhisopponensissureobecapuredbyhem

卒未亲而罚之，则不服，不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行，则不可用。

ifsoldiersarepunishedbeforeheyhavegrownaachedoyou,heywillnoprovesubmissive;and,unlesssubmissive,henwillbepracicallyuselessif,whenhesoldiershavebecomeaachedoyou,punishmensarenoenforced,heywillsillbeunless

故合之以文，齐之以武，是谓必取。

hereforesoldiersmusbereaedinhefirsinsancewihhumaniy,bukepunderconrolbymeansofirondisciplihisisacerainroadovicory

令素行以教其民，则民服；令素不行以教其民，则民不服。

ifinrainingsoldierscommandsarehabiuallyenforced,hearmywillbewelldisciplined;ifno,isdisciplinewillbebad

令素行者，与众相得也。

ifageneralshowsconfidenceinhismenbualwaysinsissonhisordersbeingobeyed,hegainwillbemuual

【注：】1：“翳”加“艹”头。2：［垂瓦］。3：［讠翕］。