。

孙子曰：地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。

sunzusaid:wemaydisinguishsixkindsoferrain,owi:(1)accessibleground;(2)enanglingground;(3)emporizingground;(4)narrowpasses;(5)precipiousheighs;(6)posiionsaagreadisancefromheenemy

我可以往，彼可以来，曰通。

groundwhichcanbefreelyraversedbybohsidesiscalledaccessible

通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。

wihregardogroundofhisnaure,bebeforeheenemyinoccupyingheraisedandsu

yspos,andcarefullyguardyourlineofsupplieshenyouwillbeableofighwihadvanage

可以往，难以返，曰挂。

groundwhichcanbeabandonedbuishardoreoccupyiscalledenangling

挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之，敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。

fromaposiionofhissor,ifheenemyisunprepared,youmaysallyforhanddefeahimbuifheenemyispreparedforyourcoming,andyoufailodefeahim,hen,reurnbeingimpossible,disaserwillensue

我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。

whenheposiionissuchhaneihersidewillgainbymakinghefirsmove,iiscalledemporizingground

支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也，引而去之，令敌半出而击之利。

inaposiionofhissor,evenhoughheenemyshouldofferusanaracivebai,iwillbeadvisablenoosirforh,buraherorerea,husenicingheenemyinhisurn;hen,whenparofhisarmyhascomeou,wemaydeliverouraackwihadvanage

隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌。

wihregardonarrowpasses,ifyoucanoccupyhemfirs,lehembesronglygarrisonedandawaiheadvenofheenemy

若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。

shouldhearmyforesallyouinoccupyingapass,donogoaferhimifhepassisfullygarrisoned,buonlyifiisweaklygarrisoned

险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；

wihregardoprecipiousheighs,ifyouarebeforehandwihyouradversary,youshouldoccupyheraisedandsu

yspos,andherewaiforhimocomeup

若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。

ifheenemyhasoccupiedhembeforeyou,donofollowhim,burereaandryoenicehimaway

远形者，势均难以挑战，战而不利。

ifyouaresiuaedaagreadisancefromheenemy,andhesrenghofhewoarmiesisequal,iisnoeasyoprovokeabale,andfighingwillbeoyourdisadvanage

凡此六者，地之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。

hesesixareheprinciplesco

ecedwihearhhegeneralwhohasaainedaresponsibleposmusbecarefulosudyhem

凡兵有走者、有驰者、有陷者、有崩者、有乱者、有北者。凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。

nowanarmyisexposedosixseveralcamiies,noarisingfromnauralcauses,bufromfaulsforwhichhegeneralisresponsibleheseare:(1)fligh;(2)insubordinaion;(3)colpse;(4)ruin;(5)disorganizaion;(6)rou

夫势均，以一击十，曰走；

ohercondiionsbeingequal,ifoneforceishurledagainsanoherenimesissize,heresulwillbeheflighofheformer

卒强吏弱，曰驰；吏强卒弱，曰陷；

whenhecommonsoldiersareoosrongandheirofficersooweak,heresulisinsubordinaionwhenheofficersareoosrongandhecommonsoldiersooweak,heresuliscolpse

大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；

whenhehigherofficersareangryandinsubordinae,andonmeeingheenemygivebaleonheirownaccounfromafeelingofresenmen,beforehecommanderinchiefcanellwheherornoheisinaposiionofigh,heresulisruin

将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；

whenhegeneralisweakandwihouauhoriy;whenhisordersarenoclearanddisinc;whenherearenofixesduiesassignedoofficersandmen,andheranksareformedinaslovenlyhaphazardma

er,heresulisuerdisorganizaion

将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。

whenageneral,unableoesimaeheenemy"ssrengh,allowsaninferiorforceoengageargerone,orhurlsaweakdeachmenagainsapowerfulone,andneglecsopcepickedsoldiersinhefronrank,heresulmusberou

凡此六者，败之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。

hesearesixwaysofcouringdefea,whichmusbecarefullynoedbyhegeneralwhohasaainedaresponsiblepos

夫地形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险隘远近，上将之道也。

henauralformaionofhecounryishesoldier"sbesally;buapowerofesimaingheadversary,ofconrollingheforcesofvicory,andofshrewdlycalcuingdifficulies,dangersanddisances,consiuesheesofagreageneral

知此而用战者必胜，不知此而用战者必败。

hewhoknowshesehings,andinfighingpushisknowledgeinopracice,willwinhisbaleshewhoknowshemno,norpraciceshem,willsurelybedefeaed

故战道必胜，主曰无战，必战可也；战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。

iffighingissureoresulinvicory,henyoumusfigh,evenhoughherulerforbidi;iffighingwillnoresulinvicory,henyoumusnofighevenaheruler"sbidding

故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。

hegeneralwhoadvanceswihoucoveingfameandrereaswihoufearingdisgrace,whoseonlyhoughisoproechiscounryanddogoodserviceforhissovereign,ishejewelofhekingdom

视卒如婴儿，故可以与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。

regardyoursoldiersasyourchildren,andheywillfollowyouinohedeepesvalleys;lookuponhemasyourownbelovedsons,andheywillsandbyyouevenunodeah

厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬若骄子，不可用也。

if,however,youareindulgen,buunableomakeyourauhoriyfel;kindheared,buunableoenforceyourcommands;andincapable,moreover,ofquellingdisorder:henyoursoldiersmusbelikenedospoilchildren;heyareuselessforanypracicalpurpose

知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；

ifweknowhaourownmenareinacondiionoaack,buareunawarehaheenemyisnoopenoaack,wehavegoneonlyhalfwayowardsvicory

知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也；

ifweknowhaheenemyisopenoaack,buareunawarehaourownmenarenoinacondiionoaack,wehavegoneonlyhalfwayowardsvicory

知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。

ifweknowhaheenemyisopenoaack,andalsoknowhaourmenareinacondiionoaack,buareunawarehahenaureofhegroundmakesfighingimpracicable,wehavesillgoneonlyhalfwayowardsvicory

故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。

henceheexperiencedsoldier,onceinmoion,isneverbewildered;oncehehasbrokencamp,heisneveraaloss

故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。

hencehesaying:ifyouknowheenemyandknowyourself,yourvicorywillnosandindoub;ifyouknowheavenandknowearh,youmaymakeyourvicorycomplee